When a company decides to go public, it offers shares to investors through an Initial Public Offering (IPO). As an investor, you have the opportunity to apply for these shares during the IPO window, which is open for a limited time.
Understanding the IPO Application Process
The process of applying for IPO shares involves submitting your bid during the open period of the IPO. Investors need to act swiftly since applications are only accepted while the issue is open and before it closes. This process is often referred to as IPO bidding.
In India, there are two main ways to apply for an IPO:
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Online IPO Application: Use online platforms provided by banks (net banking, mobile apps) or stock brokers. The payment is facilitated using UPI (Unified Payments Interface) or ASBA (Application Supported by Blocked Amount).
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Offline IPO Application: Fill out a physical application form and submit it to a broker or a bank branch that processes IPO applications.
Different Categories for IPO Applications
When participating in an IPO, investors need to select a category that aligns with their investment profile. Each category has designated quotas and allocation rules:
Investor Categories
- Retail Individual Investor (RII): Can invest up to ₹2 lakhs in mainboard IPOs and 2 lots in SME IPOs.
- Non-Institutional Investor (NII): Includes small NII (₹2 lakhs to ₹10 lakhs) and big NII (above ₹10 lakhs), with different limits for mainboard and SME IPOs.
- Qualified Institutional Buyer (QIB): No specific limit except for anchor investors who invest more than ₹10 crores in mainboard IPOs and ₹2 crores in SME IPOs.
- Employee and Shareholder: As specified in the Red Herring Prospectus (RHP).
Rules for Multiple Applications
Each investor can submit only one application per PAN number. Multiple applications under the same PAN will be rejected unless they fall under additional reserved categories like Employee and Shareholder.
Timing for IPO Applications
IPOs remain open for a minimum of three days and a maximum of ten. During this period, stock exchanges accept applications from 10:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m., except on exchange holidays.
Most banks and brokers allow applications to be submitted 24/7 while the IPO is open, but they won’t process them until after 10:00 a.m. on the next business day. The final submission deadline on the last day varies by bank or broker, usually closing between 2:00 p.m. and 4:00 p.m. Investors should confirm this with their bank or broker.
Key Times
- Opening Time: 10 AM on the issue opening date.
- Cut-off Time: 5 PM on the issue closure date.
Costs Involved in IPO Applications
Participating in an IPO is usually free for investors. Banks and stockbrokers do not charge for processing IPO applications; instead, they earn a commission from the issuing company.
The IPO Application Form Explained
The IPO application form is a two-page document. The first page contains applicant details and instructions for offer submission, while the second page provides guidance. This form is only necessary for offline applications. Online applications transmit data directly through APIs.
Each form has a unique application number and a designated space for submission details, including intermediary stamps or codes. Investors can download the forms in PDF format from the BSE and NSE websites.
Tracking Your IPO Application Number
The IPO application number is a unique identifier for your transaction. It allows you to verify your application status and track allotment progress.
For online submissions, this number is generated once your application is processed by the bank or broker, between 10:00 a.m. and 5:00 p.m. For offline forms, the number is pre-printed on the form.
Important Rules for IPO Applications
- Only one application per PAN is permitted.
- Payments must be made from the investor’s own bank account.
- Applications are valid once the payment is debited or a lien is placed.
- UPI is available for retail investors, while ASBA is available to all investor types except anchor investors.
- Retail investors in mainboard IPOs may bid at the cut-off price, but this is not allowed in SME IPOs.
Application Validity
- Different Demat Accounts: Not allowed.
- Same Name, Different Bank Accounts: Not allowed.
- Joint Bank Accounts: Allowed if the applicant is the first holder.
- Payment Platforms: UPI-supported platforms like Google Pay and PhonePe are allowed if offered by the broker.
Checking Your IPO Application Status
Once your bid is submitted, you can check your IPO application status. For online bids, use the broker’s platform. Offline bidders should check with their respective broker or bank.
Possible Statuses
- Application in Process
- Application Executed
- UPI Mandate Pending/Approved
- Payment Received by Bank
- Bid Submitted
Investors can also verify their status on the NSE or BSE websites.
NSE Application Status
NSE offers a tool for checking IPO applications and allotment status. Investors must register with their PAN information to access details.
BSE Application Status
BSE provides an online platform to check application status. Enter the issue name, application number, or PAN to view your status.
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